There are many factors that influence a person's likelihood of developing an alcohol use disorder.
Some of these include genetic predispositions, environmental influences, and socioeconomic circumstances.
In addition, a person's age at the onset of drinking can affect their risk of addiction.
Alcohol use disorder, also known as AUD, can be difficult to overcome. It takes years to develop, and it can affect a person's social, psychological, and physical health. As the disorder progresses, it can cause significant problems with work, school, and relationships.
Alcohol abuse is linked to other mental health conditions such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder.
It can also increase the risk of liver diseases, fetal alcohol syndrome, and cancer. The risk of suicide increases with alcohol dependence.
This is a serious issue, and people with the disorder are more likely to spend time in jail and in court.
When people with an AUD are trying to quit, they may experience withdrawal symptoms.
These symptoms include tremors, high blood pressure, vomiting, insomnia, and heart palpitations.
Withdrawal can be managed by intravenous fluids and vitamins. Many medications are also available to reduce the severity of withdrawal.
For example, naltrexone blocks the interactions of alcohol with brain receptors. Another drug, gabapentin, decreases the desire for alcohol in some patients.
Treatment of alcohol use disorder can vary by location, time of day, and degree of illness.
Patients with a severe form of the disorder may need to seek inpatient residential treatment.
Residential programs include therapy sessions, medical care, and support groups. Others can get help from outpatient treatments and maintenance services.
Alcohol use disorder can be treated through medications and behavioral therapies.
Behavioral treatments include cognitive-behavioral therapy and motivational enhancement therapy.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy helps a patient accept ambivalent feelings about drinking, and motivational enhancement therapy encourages a patient to strengthen their commitment to sobriety. Both of these programs are evidence-based.
Naltrexone, disulfiram, and chlordiazepoxide are FDA-approved medications that can be used to help people stop drinking.
Naltrexone, for example, is approved for both oral and long-acting injectable use. Chlordiazepoxide is frequently used for detoxification.
Several support groups are available, such as Alcoholics Anonymous.
These organizations offer a non-judgmental, supportive atmosphere for people with alcohol problems.
Support groups are particularly useful for people at high risk of relapse. Other types of support groups are offered online, as well.
Alcohol can cause several adverse effects, including anxiety, depression, and homicide.
It is recommended that anyone with an alcohol use disorder contact a health care professional as soon as possible to ensure a successful recovery.
Alcohol misuse is also a contributing factor in several social and legal problems.
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